It refers to the force of attraction or repulsion between the poles of a magnet.
The poles of a magnet exert such a force on each other that magnetic lines of force are generated around them.
Atoms of matter have electrons spinning around their nuclei, and it is considered that there are two directions of rotation: upward and downward.
Since the direction of rotation is highly polarized inside a magnet, it is thought to exert a force on the pole possessing the other direction of rotation. This same property is said to be responsible for the attraction of iron to magnets.
In 1820, a Danish scientist named Ørsted discovered that electricity, like magnets, has a magnetic effect.
The Earth itself is like a large magnet, as evidenced by the fact that it has a north and south pole. This is because the Earth's core is a fluid body, and its flow creates a magnetic field by transmitting electricity. This is called the dynamo theory.
There are two theories as to the origin of the word "magnet" in English: one is that it was named after a stone discovered by a shepherd boy named Magnes that had the power to attract iron, and the other is that it was named after Magnesia, the place where magnets were said to have been found at the southern tip of Turkey.
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