The appearance of several different personalities in one person is named Multiple Personality Disorder or, in psychiatry, Dissociative Identity Disorder. And, particularly, when there are two personalities within the original self, they are considered dual personalities.
Dissociative Identity Disorder is a condition in which the ego dissociates, or breaks apart, as a defense mechanism when it is placed in a critical situation that it cannot endure, creating another personality.
Other dissociative disorders include Dissociative Amnesia, a loss of memory for several days.
Dissociative Fugue, in which a person disappears from their home or workplace and forgets their name and location for several days.
Dissociative Stupor, where a person sits or lies down and does not respond to any external stimuli.
Dissociative Movement Disorder, characterized by partial loss of limb movement.
Dissociative Paresthesia, whereby one loses feeling in the skin and other sensations.
Dissociative Identity Disorder is considered the most severe among these.
In addition, alternate personalities often are contradictory to each other, mainly appearing as a modest and an aggressive personalities. They can differ greatly in age, gender, name, etc.
Furthermore, the original personality is unaware of the other personality and has no memories during the time they are switched, but the other personality may have some common memories between them or even be able to recognize their dual personalities.
The cause of Dissociative Identity Disorder is still unclear, but it is believed that the factors are cultivated in childhood. Children have the natural ability to dissociate, and when faced with an unbearable situation, they attempt to escape and overcome the pain through mental dissociation. If this becomes a habit, they will create numerous personalities within themselves to reduce the mental burden in these crises.
The treatment for DID is considered to be very difficult and time-consuming, as it is necessary to recognize each personality and integrate them into the original self. Therefore, treatment requires perseverance on the part of the patient and the people who support them.
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